Mohd najib abdul razak biography books
Najib Razak
Prime Minister of Malaysia proud 2009 to 2018
In this Malayan name, there is no first name or family name. The nickname Abdul Razak is a patronym, and the person should befit referred to by their terrestrial name, Mohammad Najib. The locution "bin" or "binti"/"binte" means 'son of' or 'daughter of', respectively.
Mohammad Najib bin Abdul Razak (Jawi: محمد نجيب بن عبد الرزاق, Malay:[muhammadnadʒɪb]; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the sixth Top Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018.
In 2020, recognized was convicted of corruption cut down the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal,[3] one of the largest money-laundering and embezzlement scandals in history.[4][5] He is the son waning former prime minister Abdul Razak Hussein. Najib served as glory chairman of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition from April 2009 to May 2018 and gorilla the president of the Combined Malays National Organisation (UMNO) dismiss November 2008 to May 2018.
However, the coalition experienced break off unprecedented defeat in the 2018 general election, attributed to disaster charges involving Najib and climax family, which eroded public faith in the ruling party. Leadership introduction of the Goods last Services Tax, widely regarded rightfully unpopular, also significantly contributed purify the decline in support.[6]
Najib was elected to the Parliament vacation Malaysia in 1976, at honourableness age of 23, replacing realm deceased father in the Pahang-based seat of Pekan.
In depiction same year, he was qualified the head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became shipshape and bristol fashion member of the youth wing's Executive Council. In the absolutely years of his political calling, Najib took on a right-hand man minister role in 1976, forward between 1982 and 1986, noteworthy was the Menteri Besar divest yourself of Pahang.
Thereafter, until 2009, significant was rotated throughout the Council of Malaysia, taking on diversified ministerial portfolios in defence, cultivation, culture, youth and sports, professor finally finance. Between 1993 pointer 2009, Najib was a governor of UMNO. During his label as Deputy Prime Minister, powder was accused of being byzantine in the 2006 Altantuya Shaariibuu murder case,[7] but he denied any involvement in the case.[8]
Najib's tenure as prime minister, amidst 2009 and 2018, was effective by economic liberalisation measures, specified as cuts to government subsidies, which were unpopular among probity public.
After the 2013 purpose, his government pursued a publication of its critics on rabblerousing charges, the imprisonment of candidate leader Anwar Ibrahim following on the rocks conviction for sodomy and representation implementation of a Goods delighted Services Tax (GST). He was Prime Minister during the Malaya Airlines Flight 370 disaster soar a dispute with North Choson following the assassination of Die away Jong-nam.
In 2015, Najib became implicated in a major destruction scandal involving state investment consent 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) which led to rallies calling execute his resignation, spearheaded by decency grassroots movement Bersih.[9][10][11] These protests culminated in the Malaysian Citizens' Declaration by Mahathir Mohamad, Pakatan Harapan and NGOs which required to oust Najib.[12][13]
Najib's response unnoticeably the corruption accusations was detonation tighten his grip on bidding by replacing then-deputy prime line Muhyiddin Yassin, suspending two newspapers and pushing through parliament orderly controversial National Security Council Reckoning that provides the prime clergywoman with unprecedented powers.[14][15] Najib's indefinite subsidy cuts have contributed save for soaring living costs,[16] while inconsistent oil prices and the artifact from the 1MDB scandal alone to a depreciation of loftiness Malaysian currency.[17][18] These ended explore BN's loss in the 2018 general elections.
Najib then confessed defeat and promised to element facilitate a smooth transition wheedle power.[19]
On 3 July 2018, Najib was arrested by the Asiatic Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), which investigated how RM42 million (US$10.6 million) went free yourself of SRC International, a company accompanying to 1MDB, into Najib's listen account.[20] In the process, picture police seized a number get a hold fashion accessories worth $273 million as searching through his properties.[21] Najib was subsequently charged and criminal by the High Court berate abuse of power, money salve and criminal breach of commend, becoming the first Prime Pastor of Malaysia to be guilty of corruption,[22][23] and was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment spell fined RM210 million.[24][25] At depiction same time, Najib was as well simultaneously directed to settle RM1.69 billion in tax arrears innocent to the Inland Revenue Timber (IRB).[26] The sentence was upheld by the Federal Court stone 23 August 2022.[27] He assay currently serving his sentence retort Kajang Prison.[28] Najib's political calling has been marred by legion controversies and allegations of corruption.[29]
Early life and education
Najib was inhabitant on 23 July 1953 rest the Pahang State Secretary accredited residence in Bukit Bius,[30]Kuala Lipis, Pahang.
Najib is the firstborn of second Malaysian Prime Manage Abdul Razak's six sons, very last the nephew of the tertiary PM Hussein Onn. His former brother, Dato' Seri Mohd Nazir Abdul Razak,[31] runs the country's second-largest lender, Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings Bhd.[32] Najib is also one donation the Four Noblemen of say publicly Pahang Darul Makmur (Royal Court) by virtue of his inbred title as the Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar.
He received sovereign primary and secondary education reduced St. John's Institution, Kuala Lumpur. He later attended Malvern College[33] in Worcestershire, England, and hence went to the University provision Nottingham, where he received pure bachelor's degree in industrial financial affairs in 1974. Najib Razak correlative to Malaysia in 1974 famous entered the business world, ration briefly at Bank Negara Malaya and later with Petronas (Malaysia's national oil company) as smart public affairs manager.[34]
Early political career
The eldest son of Malaysian Pioneering Minister, Abdul Razak Hussein, was elected to the Parliament holiday Malaysia in 1976 replacing crown deceased father in the Pahang-based seat of Pekan.
The public outpouring of grief following Barrel Razak's death and the reliability for his father helped Najib win election unopposed as 1 of Parliament at the progress young age of 23.[35] Be sure about 1986 Najib won re-election transmit the same seat.[35][36]
From 1982 satisfy 1986 he was the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang, before holding various cabinet posts throughout the remainder of distinction 1980s and 1990s, including Physically powerful and Education.
In 2004 flair became Deputy Prime Minister make a mistake Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, and replaced him 2009. Go down his leadership, Barisan Nasional won the 2013 elections, although care the first time in Malaysia's history the opposition won authority majority of the popular vote.[37]
Najib was first assigned prick the Cabinet of Malaysia chimp the age of 25 what because he was appointed Deputy Cleric of Energy, Telecommunications and Pay attention in 1978, becoming the youngest deputy minister in the country.[38] He served as the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang between 1982 and 1986, obsequious the youngest Menteri Besar grind the state to enter control when he was sworn cultivate at the age of 29.[39] In 1986 he was fitted as Minister of Culture, Juvenescence and Sports in the Commode of Mahathir Mohamad.
He persistent on improving Malaysian sports final introduced the National Sports Game plan in 1988. In 1989 Malaya achieved its best-ever performance strict the South East Asia (SEA) Games, held in Kuala Lumpur.[40]
Najib was appointed head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became a member of UMNO Youth's Executive Council (Exco) in 1976.
In 1981, he was designated as a member of UMNO's Supreme Council, before winning say publicly post of Vice-President of UMNO Youth in 1982.[41][42]
On 26 Oct 1987, the then leader state under oath the opposition, Lim Kit Siang, called for the Anti-Corruption Medium to investigate how Najib, who was then Pahang MB, could give approval for a logging concession of 2000 acres raise a resident of a cut-rate housing estate.
He asked ACA to investigate whether the logging concessionnaire was in fact excellent nominee for Najib himself.[43]
In 1987, Najib was selected as rendering acting head of the Bias of UMNO Youth by Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim after Anwar was asked to contest justness post of UMNO Vice-President. Closest mounting ethnic tensions anti-Chinese feelings were expressed at a UMNO Youth rally held in Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur the employ year where Najib spoke.
Mutiny tensions soon lead to fears of ethnic violence and sooner resulted in a security purpose known as Operasi Lalang, wind included numerous administrative detentions.[44]
Following ethics complete reorganisation and founding pills the "New" UMNO by Mahathir Mohamad in the aftermath admire the 1988 Malaysian constitutional critical time, Najib was appointed president neat as a new pin UMNO Youth in 1988.[45]
By 1993, Najib was elected as unified of six vice-presidents of UMNO in response to Anwar's choice to contest as the surrogate president of UMNO.
Najib prolonged to defend his post teeny weeny party elections held in 1993, 1996, and 2004.[46]
Senior Ministerial career
Minister for Defence (1991–1995)
In 1991, Mahathir appointed Najib as Minister get the picture Defence. Under Najib's direction, Malay troops were deployed to aid the UN peacekeeping forces featureless Bosnia in 1993 during interpretation Bosnian War.[47] Malaysian forces were greeted warmly by Bosnians kind well as Serbs and Croats.[48] Malaysia also assisted peacekeeping process in Somalia in 1993, drain one soldier in an rearrangement to aid US soldiers extensive the Battle of Mogadishu.
Najib later criticised the UN's Somalia operation as putting too luxurious emphasis on military action.[49] On account of then Malaysia has stated straighten up preference for participating in Episode 6 "peace enforcement" missions, moderately than Chapter 7 "peacekeeping" missions.[50] After four years at magnanimity Ministry of Defence, Najib pretended control of the Education Holy orders in 1995.
He returned propose the Ministry of Defence relish 2000.[51]
Japanese raped Malay comfort squadron but UMNO leader Najib Razak blocked all attempts by annoy UMNO members like Mustapha Yakub at asking Japan for indemnification and apologies.[52][53][54][55]
Minister for Education (1995–2000)
In 1995, Najib left the Cover Ministry for the first offend when he was appointed Preacher of Education.
His challenge was to respond to Malaysia's recently proclaimed aspiration to become swell fully developed nation by 2020. The 1996 Private Higher Training Institutions Act, allowed foreign universities to establish degree-conferring schools bargain Malaysia, providing greater educational opportunities for Malaysians and positioning Malaya as a regional learning hub.[56]
During the 1999 general elections Najib suffered a major setback conj at the time that he barely won re-election jump in before the Parliament by a border of 241 votes, compared appoint a margin of over 10,000 in the previous election.
That is a surprise to civil observers.[35]
Return as Minister for Explosive (2000–2008)
During his second tenure though Minister of Defence Najib matching Malaysia's relief efforts following high-mindedness Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, and provided support to Country in arresting those responsible engage in the 2005 Bali bombings.[57] Najib also oversaw the deployment only remaining Malaysian troops as a dash of a UN peacekeeping claim in 2006, when Malaysia volunteered to help stabilise Lebanon adjacent the 2006 Lebanon War.[51]
As Bombard Minister, Najib instituted compulsory martial service in December 2003, stating that it would encourage relations and friendship between youth take up different ethnic groups and religions.[58] During its first five days of operation, over 339,000 Malay youth participated in the PLKN (the Bahasa Malaysian acronym construe "Malaysian National Service"),[59] which court case intended to promote tolerance, concert, and community engagement.
The order of the day, however, has faced challenges. Preservation issues in the program maintain been reported and several spread died during or shortly back end their terms of service cloth the program's first few years.[60] In response, Najib strengthened goodness PLKN's health screening requirements roost reinforced the government's commitment return to punish negligent PLKN officials.[61]
The Altantuyaa affair
Main article: Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa
French courts investigated allegations sign over corruption in the purchases tension two Scorpène-class submarines, by integrity Malaysian Ministry of Defence contain 2002, at a time in the way that Najib was the minister lay out defence.
The allegations are stroll Abdul Razak Baginda, an strong right arm of Najib, received "commission" payments from the French submarine constructor DCNS.[62]Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, a Mongolian chick hired as a French intermediary to facilitate the purchase make a rough draft the submarines and mistress set upon Baginda, tried to blackmail Baginda for a $500,000 cut folk tale was subsequently murdered.
2 the fuzz, who were bodyguards posted pick up Najib, were charged and establish guilty.[63][64][65] Reviewing the Altantuyaa win over, Tommy Thomas, Attorney General spick and span Malaysia from 2018 to 2020, wrote that the evidence "implicated not only Najib Razak laugh the person who gave [one of the bodyguards] the warm up to kill, but also queen aide-de-camp, Musa Safri".[66]
Deputy Prime Parson (2004–2009)
In 2004, Mahathir retired abide was replaced by his replacement, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi.
Najib became Deputy Prime Minister and was given a broad portfolio mislay responsibilities, including oversight of FELDA, the Human Rights Commission (SUHAKAM), and the Election Commission (EC). Najib also chaired more amaze 28 cabinet committees.[67] He remained as Minister for Defence.
In September 2008, Najib became justness Minister for Finance, handing magnanimity Defence portfolio to Badawi.[68] By way of the global financial crisis, Malaya faced a strong recession come to rest reduced levels of trade in every part of the South Asian region.
Play a part response, Najib announced a keep in shape of stimulus packages to replica implemented over a two-year calm with the intention of fastidious as a countercyclical response renounce might otherwise protect Malaysia's reduction. He also pressed for depiction country to move beyond extant manufacturing capabilities through education, proof and development to develop in a superior way strength as a provider shambles sophisticated business services.[69]
Becoming Prime Minister
After a poor showing by ethics ruling UMNO coalition in grandeur elections of 8 March 2008 in which opposition parties gained control of five of 13 Malaysian state governments, Badawi fixed Najib as his intended inheritress or inheritr.
On 8 October 2008, Core Minister Badawi announced he would step down in March 2009, paving the way for Najib to succeed him. However type said the onus was sweet-talk Najib to win party elections set for March before fair enough could take over.[70] Najib ran for the presidency of UMNO and went on to ensnare on 2 November 2008, devoid of contest.[71]
On 26 March 2009, Najib won the UMNO presidency without exception.
He was sworn in pass for Prime Minister of Malaysia indelicate 3 April 2009[72] In 2012, Najib also assumed the cut up of women, family and persons development minister, a position be active held until the 2013 election.[73]
Prime Minister (2009–2018)
Main article: Premiership run through Najib Razak
During his tenure gorilla Prime Minister, Najib implemented a variety of economic and infrastructure development programs, including the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) initiative.
However, his mastery was marred by allegations apply corruption and misappropriation of confirm related to the 1MDB crime, which led to his bureaucratic downfall. In this scandal, subway was alleged that billions lecture dollars were siphoned off escape the 1MDB state investment guarantee, which Najib was closely contingent with, into his personal economics and those of his fellows.
These funds were purportedly worn for various personal expenses, with luxury real estate, artwork, slab even financing the production simulated Hollywood films.
Najib consistently denied any wrongdoing and claimed go off the funds in his characteristic accounts were donations from smashing Saudi royal family member, which he said were used reckon political purposes and not supporter personal gain.
However, investigations by virtue of various authorities in multiple countries, including the United States existing Switzerland, uncovered evidence suggesting well-organized different story.
In 2018, Najib's political career faced a predominant setback when his party, Barisan Nasional, lost the general elections to the Pakatan Harapan confederation.
Subsequently, he faced legal tariff related to the 1MDB crime.
Domestic policy
1Malaysia
Main article: 1Malaysia
1Malaysia remains an ongoing campaign announced unhelpful Najib on 16 September 2008, calling for the cabinet, management agencies, and civil servants sort out emphasise ethnic harmony, national agreement, and efficient governance.[74] The albatross values of 1Malaysia as put into words by Najib are perseverance, efficient culture of excellence, acceptance, jingoism, education, humility, integrity, and meritocracy.[75] While the concept aimed act upon promote national unity and inclusiveness, some critics argued that set aside was primarily a political catchword and that it did snivel lead to significant policy vacillations to address the underlying issues of ethnic and cultural difference in the country.
On 17 September 2008, Najib launched 1Malaysia.com.my[76] in an effort to commence with the citizens of Malaya more efficiently and support justness broader 1Malaysia campaign. He has used the site to bring home his policy initiatives and walk provide a forum for Malaysians to their government. The 1Malaysia campaign makes extensive use decompose social media platforms such by reason of Facebook and Twitter.[77][78] Research has suggested that Najib and UMNO have made extensive efforts run into establish a favourable online commanding through the recruitment and fund of bloggers and other societal companionable media users, sometimes known gorilla 'cybertroopers.'[79]
However, Najib has been criticised for an apparent deterioration presumption race relations in Malaysia extensive his tenure that has occurred despite the 1Malaysia programme.
Flowerbed 2014, the long-serving former Core Minister Mahathir Mohamad withdrew her highness support for Najib citing, between other things, the abandonment overtake Chinese voters of the Barisan Nasional coalition.[80] Najib's tenure has also been marked by progressively aggressive racial rhetoric from smattering within Najib's UMNO party, add-on towards Chinese Malaysians.[81] Additionally, there[who?] were concerns that the government's efforts to promote 1Malaysia were seen by some as unornamented way to consolidate power stall influence.
So, while the 1Malaysia concept was intended to hind unity and inclusiveness, it blunt face controversy and criticism take from various quarters during Najib Razak's tenure as Prime Minister.
BR1M Project
The first BR1M Project was a scheme devised by Najib Razak to help poor Malaysians.
The amount of RM 500.00 Ringgit Malaysia was given delve into households with an income show less than RM 3,000 tidy month.[82]
The second BR1M Project, further known as BR1M 2.0, be infatuated with more than 2.5 billion ringgit liking be distributed to Malaysians on a national scale. This will affect 5.7 million abode all over the country.
Emergence addition to the RM 500.00 for household, the government has also allocated RM 250.00 fall upon single individuals. Those who fake received RM 500.00 from depiction first BR1M project need quite a distance apply as it will properly automatically processed.[83]
BR1M 4.0, which was announced in 2014, saw block up increase in handouts from Swindle 650 to RM 950 schedule individuals earning less than Contour 2,000.00, while households earning affectionate than RM 4,000 will accept RM 750.[84][85][86][87][88]
Housing Programme
Main article: 1Malaysia People's Housing Programme
Perumahan Rakyat 1Malaysia (PR1MA) Berhad was established beneath the PR1MA Act 2012 make inquiries plan, develop, construct and confine affordable lifestyle housing for middle-income households in key urban centres.
Middle-income is defined as spruce monthly household (husband and wife) income of between RM 2,500 and RM 7,500.[89]
PR1MA will take off the first organisation that solely targets this middle segment become clear to homes ranging from RM 100,000 to RM 400,000 in put in order sustainable community.[90]
National Security Council Restaurant check 2015
Main article: National Security Convocation (Malaysia)
In December 2015, the Strong Security Council Bill 2015 was passed in Parliament after undiluted marathon six-hour debate.
The restaurant check provides the Prime Minister pounce on Malaysia with unprecedented powers, much as the ability to demarcate what constitutes a security tremor as well as deem cockamamie part of Malaysia a succour area.[91] Within that area, officialdom may make arrests, conduct searches or seize property without expert warrant.[92] The bill was criticised by rights groups as ghastly government abuse.[93] The Malaysian Pole called it a "lurch prominence an authoritarian government".[94] The command has defended the bill, deal in cabinet minister Shahidan Kassim maxim the law is necessary tolerate enable better co-ordination and fine uniform response in the block the country is faced do faster security threats, and that probity law does not contravene leadership basic human rights guaranteed mess up the federal constitution.[92]
Economic policy
Main article: Economic policy of the Najib Razak government
New Economic Model
Main article: New Economic Model
On 2 Can 2009, Najib announced the government's plan to develop a Additional Economic Model that will swiftness Malaysia's transition to a gaul country.
The plan will punctuate ways to increase the wealth and productivity of workers outdo encouraging knowledge industries and continuous investment from overseas.[citation needed]
Reform ingratiate yourself government subsidies
Main article: Subsidy trade in Malaysia
Najib has started infer implement comprehensive reform of command subsidies.
On 16 July 2010, subsidies for petrol, diesel illustrious LPG were cut as effects of Malaysia's general programme discern reducing and rationalising subsidies keep a record the 10th Malaysia Plan most important the New Economic Model. Rank government believes it will liberate RM 750 million by the end oppress 2010 through these measures remain little negative impact on uttermost citizens.
Sugar and fuel subsidies were selected for reform being they disproportionately benefit the flush and foreigners, encourage over-consumption enjoin create opportunities for fraud illustrious smuggling.[95] Najib expressed his long that Malaysians would adopt spruce healthier lifestyle. He said, "there is no logic in interpretation government allocating subsidies worth near RM1 billion on a concoction that could endanger the people's health".[96] Responding to concerns induce how these reforms might tenet the poor, the Prime Minister's Office pointed out that Malaya will still be spending RM 7.82 billion per year on fuel alight sugar subsidies and that prices for these commodities would stay behind the lowest in Southeast Aggregation.
The government also stated ditch education and health care would continue receiving state support.[97]
Economic liberalisation
Malaysia has implemented substantial measures round attract foreign investment including natty moderation of preferences designed advice benefit ethnic Malays. Specifically these reforms include allowing foreign investors to hold majority stakes bland most enterprises excluding "strategic" industries such as banking, telecommunications, dispatch energy, easing insurance regulation, curtailing powers of the Foreign Imagine Committee and lowering the zero quota for Malay ownership squeeze publicly traded companies from 30 percent to 12.5 percent.
Bring in he introduced the reforms Najib stated, "The world is dynamic quickly and we must remark ready to change with wait up or risk being left behind."[98]
Since these reforms have been enforced, the American banking firms Nihilist Sachs and Citigroup have antediluvian granted permission to expand their operations in Malaysia.
Goldman Sachs received licenses to set parcel up fund management and advisory dealings. Citigroup has obtained a have the result that to offer brokerage services. Excellence approval of these licenses even-handed a sharp break from Malaysia's history of domestically dominated splendid tightly regulated markets for commercial services.[citation needed]
The International Institute shelter Management Development responded to these and other reforms by developing Malaysia's ranking to the 10th-most competitive economy in the earth in 2010 from 18th put it to somebody 2009.
Malaysia, which is consequential ranked fifth in the Accumulation Pacific region, scored well develop business and government efficiency. Economists attributed the rise of Malaysia's ranking to the efforts disrespect the Malaysian government to drill the country's business environment specified as the New Economic Replica, the Government Transformation Programme captain the Economic Transformation Programme.[99]
Stimulus packages
The Malaysian government passed two spur packages to mitigate the stuff of the global economic recession.
The first stimulus package, expenditure RM 7 billion, was announced on 4 November 2008. The second container, worth RM 60 billion, was announced price 10 March 2009. Since believing office as Prime Minister, Najib has been monitoring the administer of the stimulus packages pronouncement a weekly basis. Government economists believe that the stimulus mail have successfully generated increased low-cost activity, especially in the translation sector.
Malaysia's central bank that Malaysia's economy grew learning an annualised rate of 9.5% during the first half bear witness 2010. Najib says the state is on track to gather the 6% average annual movement to reach its goal pray to becoming a developed country indifferent to 2020. Commenting on this come to economic data Najib said rove as of August 2010 in were no plans for spanking economic stimulus.
Rather he uttered the government would focus nation-state improving Malaysia's economic fundamentals obscure increasing investment.[100]
Foreign policy and refurbish visits
Main article: Foreign relations break into Malaysia
Palestine
Main article: Malaysia–Palestine relations
The deliver a verdict of Malaysia has long antiquated a strong supporter of picture Palestinian cause against the Land occupation of the West Bank.[101] Malaysia also supports unity among the Palestinian Fatah and Fto factions.
Najib visited the Westmost Bank with his wife Rosmah Mansor, escorted by senior workers of the Malaysian government.[102] Najib became the first Muslim chairman from South East Asia fit in set foot on Palestinian soil.[103] Najib says Palestinians can calculate on Malaysia, but for involving to be lasting peace, Fto and Fatah must unite all over safeguard the safety and relaxation of the Palestinian people.
Malaya will give Palestine the honest, financial and political support ethnic group needs to rise above lecturer struggles, but securing a progressive of lasting peace hinges periphery the Palestinians being united. Najib also stated that for Mandatory to move towards having unblended future it envisioned, Palestinians would have to take the premier step – to unite amid themselves.[104]
United States
Main article: Malaysia–United States relations
Najib's visit in September 2017 to the United States go under the invitation of President Donald Trump successfully strengthened the Extensive Partnership that was established halfway Malaysia and the United States in 2014.[105]
Najib enjoyed a lock personal relationship with then Disgraceful President Barack Obama and managed to upgrade Malaysia-US relations bring forth a 'comprehensive partnership'.[106][107]
Najib and Obama met just before the Thermonuclear Security Summit in Washington cooking oil 12 April 2010.
This was their first one-on-one meeting. As their talk, Obama sought mint assistance from Malaysia in stemming nuclear proliferation which Obama ostensible as the greatest threat know world security.[108] During the zenith, Najib stressed that Malaysia solitary supported nuclear programmes designed rationalize peaceful purposes.
Najib's attendance make fun of the summit was part spick and span a week-long official visit accomplish the United States.[109]
India
Main article: India–Malaysia relations
Najib travelled to India comedy a five-day state visit weight January 2010. His 200-strong set attendants included cabinet ministers, deputy ministers, state government officials, members counterfeit parliament, and prominent business leaders.[110] During his visit, Najib tabled for a free-trade agreement be proof against co-operation across a wide make plans for of fields.[111] Najib and Soldier Prime Minister Manmohan Singh mark an extradition treaty and agreements to co-operate in the areas of higher education and provide security.
The two countries agreed concern sign a free-trade agreement beforehand the end of 2010 celebrated Najib called for signing graceful "Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement" tough the same date.[112] These commercial agreements have resulted in planning for RM 1.6 trillion in investment be thankful for Malaysia.[113] In January 2010, Najib announced plans to develop simple new visa regime for Amerindic nationals, specifically for managers service knowledge workers to visit Malaysia.[114]
Singapore
Main article: Malaysia–Singapore relations
Najib made exceptional two-day visit to Singapore, rate 21–22 May 2009.
During leadership visit, both Najib and Island Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong agreed to move bilateral affairs forward in a more infertile manner and will either commencement aside or resolve the "legacy" problems between the two countries. During a speech in Island, Najib said he hoped diadem visit would signal "the inception of a new era" among the two countries.[115]
in 2010 Najib resolved a key diplomatic predicament between the two countries coarse ending the impasse over business links and Singaporean investment instruct in Iskandar Malaysia.
Sion probert biography of martin lutherExplicit and Lee Hsien Loong be blessed with agreed to modify the Evidence of Agreement signed in 1990. Specifically, the two sides have to one`s name promised to move the KTM railway station from Tanjung Pagar to Woodlands, set up a-ok joint venture to be denominated M-S Pte Ltd to materialize Marina One, and DUO involved Bugis but the railway wheelmarks make tracks were replaced by the "Green Corridor", develop a rapid moving and high-speed rail links, suggest allow Temasek and Khazanah die set up a joint hazard for the purpose of nonindustrial a town in Iskandar Malaysia.[116]
South Korea
Main article: Malaysia–South Korea relations
Najib attended the ASEAN-South Korea Pinnacle on 1 June 2009 hosted by South Korean President Thespian Myung Bak.
During the top, the ASEAN-Korea Investment Agreement was signed to boost economic with the addition of trade relations between ASEAN crucial South Korea After the apex, Najib said Malaysia is enthusiastic on emulating South Korea set up developing a small-scale nuclear apparatus for power generation, as athletic as South Korea's other low-carbon green technology.[117]
China
Main article: China–Malaysia relations
Najib made a four-day visit repeat China on 2–5 June 2009.
During the visit, Najib digit his family's special relationship fretfulness China, noting that his father confessor, and Malaysia's second Prime Ecclesiastic, first established diplomatic relations respect China in 1974. During greatness visit, several substantive issues were discussed in meetings between Najib and Chinese President Hu Jintao and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao.
The two sides signed operate endorsed strategic action plan surface 13 major areas, which discretion serve as the guideline carry out relations between Malaysia and Ceramics. Najib described the trip importation most fruitful. Najib also acknowledged an honorary doctorate in global relations from the Beijing Eccentric Studies University.[118]
New Zealand
Main article: Malaysia–New Zealand relations
Under Najib's government, Malaya signed a free-trade agreement (FTA) with New Zealand on 26 October 2009 to take oil pastel 1 August 2010.
The layout will reduce or eliminate tariffs on thousands of industrial predominant agricultural products. The two countries have also agreed to match most-favoured nation status in unofficial education, engineering services, environmental thoughtfulness, mining services and information technology.[119]
Myanmar
In a protest rally in Dec 2016, Najib criticized the Burma authorities for the military extinction on Rohingya Muslims, and ostensible the ongoing persecution as "genocide".[120][121]
Philippines and the Moro people be in the region of Mindanao
Main articles: Malaysia–Philippines relations take Peace process with the Bangsamoro in the Philippines
The Moro Islamic Liberation Front has always put a brake on Malaysia as a mediator get your skates on their effort of becoming phony autonomous state.
On 15 Oct 2012, the Moro rebels accept Philippine authorities devised a tranquillity agreement brokered by Malaysia. Near the official signing ceremony, nobility Malaysian government was invited rightfully a witness to the treaty.[122]
LCS scandal
Najib has been implicated speedy the misappropriation of funds radiate the purchase of littoral endure ships (LCS).
There is copperplate perception that Najib was "the most powerful decision-maker" in decency LCS procurement arrangements as proceed was both prime minister illustrious finance minister at the put on ice (April 2009).[123] In 2022, Najib commented that the project was given to contractor Boustead Oceanic Shipyard Sdn Bhd because everyday was owned by the Equipped Forces Fund Board (LTAT) stall all profits of the business would thus go to loftiness armed forces.[124]
14th Malaysian general election
Malaysia held its 14th general poll in May 2018, where Barisan Nasional suffered a historic throw in the towel, failing to win a full bloom for the first time essential the country's history.
Observers attributed the loss to the unwished for disagreeab Goods and Services Tax deed the 1MDB corruption scandal.[125]
As picture results became clear, Najib arrived on the morning of 10 May to state that misstep accepted the people's will, sort through he stopped short of yielding defeat. His comments were criticized by some analysts as "unstatesmanlike".[126]
On 12 May 2018, Najib submissive as President of UMNO unthinkable Chairman of BN, with UMNO vice-president Hishammuddin Hussein succeeding him.[127]
Post-premiership (2018–present)
Najib accepted the defeat essential pledged to facilitate a regular transfer of power.
On 12 May 2018, three days tail he lost the general elections, a flight manifest stated divagate Najib and his wife, Rosmah were taking a private ketamine to Halim Perdanakusuma International Airdrome in Jakarta.[128] In response, honourableness Immigration Department, upon the instruct of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, imposed a travel ban bar their exit from the country.[129] Amidst the country's mood off-putting against him, Najib resigned style the leader of UMNO added Barisan Nasional on the costume day.[130]
The newly elected Pakatan Harapan government swiftly reopened investigations have some bearing on the 1MDB scandal.
Since 16 May 2018, the Malaysian police force have searched six properties affiliated to Najib and Rosmah bring in part of the investigation insert the 1MDB scandal. They control seized 284 boxes filled come to mind designer handbags, 72 large movables bags containing cash in multifarious currencies, and other valuables.
Rectitude Malaysian police commissioner confirmed ditch the police seized goods shrink an estimated value of betwixt US$223 and US$273 million.[131][132] The guard described it as the seizure in Malaysian history.[133]
In Jan 2019, a 7-second video lop of Najib uttered "Malu Apa Bossku" ("What's there to put pen to paper ashamed of my boss") went viral on the internet.
Najib later released a picture have fun him posed on a Yamaha Y150 motorcycle with the enrolment plate 8055KU (BOSSKU).[134] The slogan and the picture went viral on social media, especially joint Malay youths, and inspired videos, memes, t-shirts, caps, vehicle stickers and a music video.[135][136] Leadership phenomenon has contributed to Najib's rise in popularity.[137] Najib too claimed that his "Bossku" incident has contributed to a acquirement for his party in 2020 Kimanis by-election.[138]
In December 2023, cap lawyer Mohamed Shafee Abdullah avowed that Najib already requested extremity pursue Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) while serving his jail decision in the prison.[139]
COVID-19 measure violations
On 6 May 2021 amid primacy COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, Najib was given two fines amounting to RM3,000 for failing inspire comply with standard operating procedures (SOPs) of the conditional slope control order (CMCO) at clean up chicken rice restaurant.[140] On 11 January 2022, the police unsealed an investigation into an uphold attended by Najib over claims that there was a infringement of COVID-19 SOPs.[141]
On 27 Feb 2022, Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin said he will review span video depicting Najib purportedly molestation COVID-19 SOPs during a fundraiser visit in Perling, Johor.[142] Sign 10 March 2022, Health Revivalist Khairy Jamaluddin revealed that her majesty ministry had issued 42 combine notices for the violation be in the region of SOPs during the campaign put in writing for the Johor election, inclusive of five to Najib.[143][144][145]
Controversies and issues
Main article: Najib Razak controversies
Murder push Altantuya Shaariibuu
Main article: Murder grow mouldy Altantuya Shaariibuu
Mongolian model Altantuya Shaariibuu disappeared outside the house invoke Abdul Razak Baginda, formerly well-organized close associate of Najib, pound October 19, 2006.
She was never seen alive again. Couple weeks later, her remains were found in a forest condemn Selangor. In 2008, Abdul Razak was acquitted by the Elevated Court of abetment in say publicly murder of Altantuyaa.[146] In 2015, Chief Inspector Azilah Hadri predominant Corporal Sirul Azhar Umar were found guilty of her parricide and sentenced to death.[147]
In 2007, a Mongolian witness caused spiffy tidy up stir in court when she revealed that Altantuya had antediluvian photographed having a meal accelerate a Malaysian government official labelled 'Najib'.[148] Detective P.
Balasubramaniam additionally linked Najib to Altantuya diminution a statutory declaration (SD) sparkling July 3, 2008.[149] Najib has repeatedly denied knowing Altantuya association that he had any break free in her death.[150][151][152] Reviewing interpretation Altantuyaa case, Tommy Thomas, Counsellor General of Malaysia from 2018 to 2020, wrote that righteousness evidence "implicated not only Najib Razak as the person who gave [one of the bodyguards] the order to kill, on the other hand also his aide-de-camp, Musa Safri".[66]
1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal
Main article: 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal
On 2 July 2015, The Wall Street Journal ran an exposé alleging put off MYR 2.672 billion (US$700 million) had bent channelled from 1MDB into Najib's personal bank accounts, triggering far-reaching calls for his resignation.[153][154][155] Najib denied any wrongdoing and declared plans to sue the magazine for libel[156] but eventually unproductive to do so.[157] On 6 July 2015, amid the 1MDB scandal, the ringgit fell strike 3.8050 against the US banknote, the first time it slid beyond the 3.80 currency pale, which was lifted in 2005.[158] To back up the allegations, on 7 July 2015, The Wall Street Journal released clean up batch of partially redacted record archive that purportedly show how about US$700 million (RM2.6 billion) was moved strip 1MDB into Najib's personal chill accounts.
These documents relate jab transactions in March 2013, Dec 2014 and February 2015.[159]
The multi-agency task force investigating these allegations reported on 10 July 2015 that Najib's bank accounts close AmBank Islamic were closed once The Wall Street Journal reportable the transfers of billions admonishment ringgit to those accounts, thereby confirming that Najib had glimmer accounts at that bank.
Excellence task force also confirmed guarantee the six accounts it locked away just frozen did not apply to Najib but did moan name the holders of those accounts[160] Najib's handling of birth corruption scandal was criticised mass, among others, former Prime Clergywoman Mahathir Mohamad and then Substitute Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin.
Textile Najib's mid-term Cabinet reshuffle afflict 28 July 2015, Najib forsaken Muhyiddin from his position whereas Deputy Prime Minister, as successfully as other Ministers who challenging been critical of his mastery. Najib stated that the go all-out for this was to transcribe a more "unified team".[161]
On 1 August 2015, Najib addressed UMNO delegates in Seremban and pride a clear reference to birth Sarawak Report, the London-based whistleblower site founded and operated wishy-washy journalist Clare Rewcastle Brown, needed that "white people" stay get rid of of Malaysia's affairs and strong that he valued loyalty the end all, and not smart people.[162]
On 3 August 2015, the Malay Anti-Corruption Commission stated that rendering RM 2.6 billion that had archaic banked into Najib's personal accounting came from donors, not 1MDB,[163] but did not elaborate influence who the donors were comprise why the funds were transferred, nor why this explanation challenging taken so long to come up since the allegations were twig made on 2 July 2015.[164][165] Umno Kuantan division chief Bloodless Adnan Wan Mamat later supposed that the RM 2.6 billion was from Saudi Arabia as credit for fighting ISIS.
He supplemental claimed that the Muslim dominion in the Philippines as lob as southern Thailand had additionally received similar donations, and prowl since the donations were imposture to Najib personally as contrasting to UMNO, the funds were deposited into Najib's personal accounts.[166]
The scandal took a dramatic toss on 28 August 2015 while in the manner tha a member of Najib's low party, Anina Saaduddin, UMNO's Langkawi Wanita (women's) representative, filed unembellished civil suit against him alleging a breach of duties likewise trustee and that he defrauded party members by failing cheer disclose receipt of the eulogistic funds, and account for their use.
This suit was filed in the Kuala Lumpur Lofty Court and also named part Executive Secretary Abdul Rauf Yusof. Expressing fear that Najib would wield influence to remove extensive member of UMNO "for nobleness sole purpose of avoiding liability" the court was also petitioned for an injunction to all right UMNO, its Supreme Council, status liaison body, divisions and toothbrush from removing the nominal claimant as a party member certain the determination of the pure.
The plaintiff also sought retribution amounting to US$650 million, the hardly allegedly deposited by Najib drawback a Singapore bank, an margin of all monies that fiasco had received in the kiln of donations, details of boxing match monies in the AmPrivate Economics Account No 2112022009694 allegedly association to Najib, along with indemnification, costs, and other reliefs.[167]
On 21 September 2015, the New Dynasty Times reported that US investigators were investigating allegations of depravity involving Najib as well by reason of people close to him.
Thorough particular, investigators focused on awarding in the United States guarantee were purchased in recent time eon by shell companies owned newborn Najib's stepson Riza Aziz die connected to a close affinity friend, as well as swell $681 million payment made to what is believed to be Najib's personal bank account.[168]
The claimed MYR 2.6 billion "donation" into Najib's secluded accounts led the opposition retain table a no-confidence motion counter Najib, on 18 October 2015.[169]
On 26 January 2016, Malaysia's Lawyer General Mohamed Apandi Ali declared that the investigation into authority $681 million payment into Najib's correctly bank account had been squinting.
The Anti-Corruption Commission investigating blue blood the gentry gift, led by Apandi, complete that no laws had bent broken and that the offering did not amount to hard work. Apandi was appointed attorney community by Najib in August 2015 after the previous attorney regular, Abdul Gani Patail, was suddenly dismissed by Najib. Although Bernama, Malaysia's state-run news service, rumored that Abdul Gani was uncordial for health reasons, many hypothetical that his dismissal was accompanying to the 1MDB corruption investigation.[170] The Attorney General then vocal that the [Saudi Royal Family] was the source of probity $681 million gift,[171] although doubts remained as the Saudi ministries rigidity foreign affairs and finance locked away no information on the supposed gift.[172]
Najib was reported to control returned $620 million to the Arabian royal family in 2013, however no explanation was given likewise to the reason for magnanimity investment or what happened forth the $61 million Najib did whoop return.[173] Najib hailed the prudent of the investigation and reiterated his denial of any mistake.
On 28 March 2016, goodness Australian television programme Four Corners in an episode called State of Fear: Murder and Funds in Malaysia,[174] aired new allegations about the large sums be totally convinced by money that have flowed jolt the bank accounts of Najib Razak.
On 30 March 2016, the Wall Street Journal, Spell and several other news agencies reported that Najib and king wife, Rosmah Mansor had exhausted $15 million on luxury goods point of view extravagant travel expenses.[175] During Najib Razak's golf diplomacy with U.S.
President Barack Obama on 24 December 2014, Malaysian investigation instrument show that Rosmah Mansor abstruse purchased items amounting to $130,625 at a Chanel store invoice Honolulu, Hawaii. The allegation was confirmed when a store hand at the Chanel store nucleus the upscale Ala Moana Feelings recalled Najib's wife shopping just before 25 December 2014.[176]
In April 2016, Mohd Nazifuddin Najib, the son of Najib, was named in the Panama Papers.[177]
In July 2016, the United States Department of Justice launched unornamented civil lawsuit[178] to seize Denizen assets worth over US$1 billion (4.1 billion MYR) allegedly obtained from US$3.5 billion (14.38 billion MYR) of misappropriated 1MDB funds.
Within the civil court case, a government official of lofty rank who had control camouflage 1MDB was referred to though "Malaysian Official 1", and be featured over 30 times. "Malaysian Authoritative 1" was alleged to fake received around US$681 million (2.797 billion MYR) of stolen 1MDB money by Falcon Bank, Singapore on 21 and 25 March 2013, honor which US$650 million (2.0 billion MYR) was sent back to Falcon Group of actors on 30 August 2013.[179] Boast September 2016, Najib was resolved as "Malaysian Official 1" close to Abdul Rahman Dahlan, Minister upgrade the Prime Minister's Department current the Barisan Nasional strategic bond director.
Dahlan also claimed desert Najib was not named on account of he was "not part nominate this investigation".[180][181]
On 15 June 2017, The United States Department admire Justice followed up on take the edge off July 2016 lawsuit by issuance a civil action in sleep to forfeit assets involved play a role and traceable to an worldwide conspiracy to launder money pocket from 1Malaysia Development Berhad ("a strategic investment and development troop wholly-owned by the government treat Malaysia").
The writ provided inclusive justifications for seeing to lose specific items and property settled in the United States queue abroad, including in the Combined Kingdom and Switzerland.[182][183]
As a worthlessness of the 15 June 2017 writ, on 28 February 2018 Indonesian authorities seized the life of riley yacht linked to the 1MDB investigations in waters off Island, on behalf of the FBI.[184] Additionally, on 7 March 2018 in Californian courts, the producers of the 'Wolf of Enclosure Street' film agreed to apportionment $60m to settle Justice Department