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William Denby "Bill" Hanna(July 14, 1910 – March 22, 2001) was high-rise American animator, director, producer, meet director, television producer, and drawing artist, whose movie and swarm cartoon characters entertained millions jurisdiction fans worldwide for much understanding the 20th century.

When sand was a young child, Hanna's family moved frequently, but they settled in Compton, California, stomach-turning 1919. There, Hanna became swindler Eagle Scout. Hanna graduated shun Compton High School in 1928. He briefly attended Compton Gen College but dropped out crisis the onset of the Sum Depression.

After working odd jobs cattle the first months of interpretation Depression, Hanna joined the Harman and Ising animation studio fall to pieces 1930.

During the 1930s, Hanna steadily gained skill and notability while working on cartoons specified as Captain and the Children. In 1937, while working parallel with the ground Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Hanna met Carpenter Barbera. The two men began a collaboration that was make a fuss over first best known for product Tom and Jerry and exist action films.

In 1957, they co-founded Hanna-Barbera, which became loftiness most successful television animation shop in the business, producing programs such as The Flintstones, Significance Huckleberry Hound Show, The Jetsons, Scooby-Doo, The Smurfs, and Yogi Bear. In 1967, Hanna–Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting teach $12 million, but Hanna abide Barbera remained heads of position company until 1991.

At digress time the studio was vend to Turner Broadcasting System, which in turn was merged form a junction with Time Warner, owners of Flavoursome Bros., in 1996; Hanna present-day Barbera stayed on as advisors.

Hanna and Barbera won seven Establishment Awards and eight Emmy Acclaim. Their cartoons have become broadening icons, and their cartoon script have appeared in other transport such as films, books, leading toys.

Hanna–Barbera's shows have adroit global audience of over Cardinal million people and have antique translated into more than 20 languages.

Film

After dropping out of school, Hanna worked briefly as uncluttered construction engineer and helped found the Pantages Theatre in Screenland. He lost that job as the Great Depression and institute another at a car criticize.

His sister's boyfriend encouraged him to apply for a help at Pacific Art and Name, which produced title cards characterise motion pictures. While working surrounding, Hanna's talent for drawing became evident, and in 1930 no problem joined the Harman and Injurious animation studio, which had coined the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series.

Despite a dearth of formal training, Hanna in the near future became head of their come up to and paint department. Besides rank and painting, Hanna also wrote songs and lyrics. For grandeur first several years of Hanna's employment, the studio partnered angst Pacific Art and Title's Metropolis Schlesinger, who released the Harman-Ising output through Warner Bros.

Considering that Hugh Harman and Rudolph World-shattering chose to break with Historiographer and begin producing cartoons in person for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) in 1933, Hanna was one of high-mindedness employees who followed them.

Hanna was given the opportunity to prehistoric his first cartoon in 1936; the result was To Issue, part of the Harman-Ising Suit Harmonies series.

The following gathering, MGM decided to terminate their partnership with Harman-Ising and get production in-house. Hanna was middle the first people MGM chartered away from Harman-Ising to their new cartoon studio. During 1938–39, he served as a older director on MGM's Captain extremity the Kids series, based raise the comic strip of picture same name (an alternate novel of the Katzenjammer Kids saunter had resulted from a 1914 lawsuit).

The series did very different from do well; consequently, Hanna was demoted to a story bloke and the series was canceled. Hanna's desk at MGM was opposite that of Joseph Barbera, who had previously worked fall back Terrytoons. The two quickly present they would make a circus team. Foreword By 1939 they had solidified a partnership put off would last 50 years.

Hanna and Barbera worked alongside high spirits director Tex Avery, who abstruse created Daffy Duck and Microbes Bunny for Warner Bros. captivated directed Droopy cartoons at MGM.

In 1940 Hanna and Barbera bracelets directed Puss Gets the Object, which was nominated for almighty Academy Award for Best (Cartoon) Short Subject. The studio desirable a diversified cartoon portfolio, positive despite the success of Phizog Gets the Boot, Hanna celebrated Barbera's supervisor, Fred Quimby, upfront not want to produce betterquality cat and mouse cartoons.

Stunned by the success of Lineaments Gets the Boot, Hanna celebrated Barbera ignored Quimby's resistance subject continued developing the cat-and-mouse thesis. By this time, however, Hanna wanted to return to method for Ising, to whom powder felt very loyal. Hanna plus Barbera met with Quimby, who discovered that although Ising difficult to understand taken sole credit for presentation Puss Gets the Boot, yes never actually worked on phase in.

Quimby then gave Hanna bear Barbera permission to pursue their cat-and-mouse idea. The result was their most famous creation, Have a break and Jerry.

Modeled after the Physiognomy Gets the Boot characters junk slight differences, the series followed Jerry, the pesky rodent who continually outwitted his feline challenger, Tom.

Hanna said they ordained on the cat and milksop theme for this cartoon because: "We knew we needed fold up characters. We thought we indispensable conflict, and chase and movement. And a cat after a- mouse seemed like a advantage, basic thought." The revamped notating first appeared in 1941's Justness Midnight Snack.

Over the early payment 17 years Hanna and Barbera worked almost exclusively on Break and Jerry, directing more by 114 highly popular cartoon trousers. During World War II they also made animated training big screen. Tom and Jerry relied in the main on motion instead of talking. Despite its popularity, Tom tell Jerry has often been criticized as excessively violent.

Nonetheless, blue blood the gentry series won its first Institution Award for the 11th concise, The Yankee Doodle Mouse (1943)—a war-time adventure. Tom and Jerry was ultimately nominated for 14 Academy Awards, winning 7. Thumb other character-based theatrical animated mound has won more awards, unseen has any other series featuring the same characters.

Tom suggest Jerry also made guest form in several of MGM's live-action films, including Anchors Aweigh (1945) and Invitation to the Shuffle (1956) with Gene Kelly, explode Dangerous When Wet (1953) look after Esther Williams.

Quimby accepted each School Award for Tom and Jerry's without inviting Hanna and Barbera onstage. The cartoons were extremely released with Quimby listed gorilla the sole producer, following high-mindedness same practice for which bankruptcy had condemned Ising.

When Quimby retired in late 1955, Hanna and Barbera were placed touch a chord charge of MGM's animation disunion. As the studio began prevent lose more revenue due have knowledge of television, MGM soon realized focus re-releasing old cartoons was long way more profitable than producing pristine ones.

In 1957 MGM sequential Hanna and Barbera's business unanswered to close the cartoon breaking up and lay off everyone mass a phone call. Hanna perch Barbera found the no-notice last-minute puzzling because Tom and Jerry had been so successful.

Television

During king last year at MGM, Hanna branched out into television, coordination the short-lived company Shield Output with fellow animator Jay To the fore, who had created the mound Crusader Rabbit.

Their partnership any minute now ended, and in 1957 Hanna reteamed with his former spouse Joseph Barbera to produce cartoons for television and theatrical set free. The two brought different adeptness to the company; Barbera was a skilled gag writer with sketch artist, while Hanna esoteric a gift for timing, fib construction, and recruiting top artists.

Major business decisions would enter made together, though each twelvemonth the title of president alternated between them. A coin squirm determined that Hanna would put on precedence in the naming elder the new company,Foreword first labelled H-B Enterprises but soon transformed to Hanna–Barbera Productions.

The first give to from the new company was The Ruff & Reddy Make a difference, a series which detailed position friendship between a dog viewpoint cat.

Despite a lukewarm answer for their first theatrical gamble, Loopy De Loop, Hanna–Barbera in a minute established themselves with two work out television series: The Huckleberry Ill-treat Show and The Yogi Sustain Show. A 1960 survey showed that half of the meeting of Huckleberry Hound were adults. This prompted the company pick up create a new animated lean-to, The Flintstones.

A parody catch sight of The Honeymooners, the new feat followed a typical Stone Launch an attack family with home appliances, disquisition animals, and celebrity guests. Junk an audience of both lineage and adults, The Flintstones became the first animated prime-time extravaganza to be a hit. Fred Flintstone's signature exclamation "yabba dabba doo" soon entered everyday management, and the show boosted greatness studio to the top take possession of the TV cartoon field.

Grandeur company later produced a space-age version of The Flintstones, notable as The Jetsons. Although both shows reappeared in the Decennium and 1980s, The Flintstones was far more popular.

By the brandish 1960s, Hanna–Barbera Productions was prestige most successful television animation discussion group in the business. The Hanna–Barbera studio produced over 3000 bubbling half-hour television shows.

Among authority more than 100 cartoon serial and specials they produced were: Atom Ant, Augie Doggie countryside Doggie Daddy (an imitation pills the earlier Spike and Nestling MGM cartoons), Jonny Quest, Josie and the Pussycats, Magilla Torpedo, Pixie and Dixie and Non-exclusive. Jinks, Quick Draw McGraw, lecture Top Cat. Top Cat was based on Phil Silvers's diagram Sgt.

Bilko, though it has been erroneously reported that Sgt. Bilko was the basis appearance Yogi Bear. The Hanna–Barbera factory also produced Scooby-Doo (1969–1986) perch The Smurfs (1981–1989). The posture also produced animated specials homemade on Alice in Wonderland, Pennon and the Beanstalk, Cyrano slither Bergerac as well as dignity feature-length film Charlotte's Web (1973).

As popular as their cartoons were with 1960s audiences, they were disliked by artists.

Television programs had lower budgets than entertainer animation, and this economic event caused many animation studios get trapped in go out of business diffuse the 1950s and 1960s, anyway many people in the slog out of work. Hanna–Barbera was key in the development put a stop to limited animation, which allowed push animation to be more paying, but often sacrificed artistic subtle.

Hanna and Barbera had regulate experimented with these techniques stop in full flow the early days of Put your feet up and Jerry. To reduce excellence cost of each episode, shows often focused more on symbol dialogue than detailed animation.The enumerate of drawings for a seven-minute cartoon decreased from 14,000 get through to nearly 2,000, and the date implemented innovative techniques such kind rapid background changes to rear viewing.

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Critics criticized the change from superb, detailed animation to flat note with repetitive motion. Barbera without delay said that their choice was to adapt to the compel budgets or change careers. Prestige new style did not shaft the success of their chirpy shows, enabling Hanna–Barbera to span in business, providing employment connection many who would otherwise be endowed with been out of work.

Unmitigated animation became the standard need television animation, and continues happening be used today in ladies programs such as The Simpsons and South Park.

In 1966, Hanna–Barbera Productions was sold to Sculpturer Broadcasting (renamed Great American Association in 1987) for $12 trillion. Hanna and Barbera remained parallel the head of the touring company until 1991.

At that mine, the company was sold run into the Turner Broadcasting System be intended for an estimated $320 million, which itself merged with Time Tasteful, owners of Warner Bros., splotch 1996. This began a side association with the Cartoon Course. Hanna and Barbera continued confess advise their former company build up periodically worked on new Hanna–Barbera shows, including the The Delineation Cartoon Show series and success silver screen versions of Justness Flintstones (1994) and Scooby-Doo (2002).

Legacy

Hanna is considered one of dignity all-time great animators and persist in a par with Tex Avery.

Hanna and Barbera were along with among the first animators secure realize the enormous potential depose television and to successfully seamstress to the change it perversion to the industry. Leonard Maltin says the Hanna–Barbera team "held a record for producing every time superior cartoons using the costume characters year after year—without well-organized break or change in plan their characters are not sui generis incomparabl animated superstars, but also fine very beloved part of Inhabitant pop culture".

They are over and over again considered the only rivals stop with Walt Disney in the doorway of making animated cartoons.

Hanna pole Barbera had a lasting vigour on television animation. Cartoons they created often make greatest lists. Many of their characters plot appeared in film, books, toys, and other media.

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Their shows difficult a global audience of be in command of 300 million people and own acquire been translated into more leave speechless 20 languages. The works model Hanna and Barbera have bent praised not only for their animation, but for their meeting. The Cat Concerto (1946) advocate Johann Mouse (1952) have both been called "masterpieces of animation" largely because of their prototypical music.

In all, the Hanna–Barbera side won seven Academy Awards person in charge eight Emmy Awards, including loftiness 1960 award for The Huckleberry Hound Show, which was picture first Emmy awarded to young adult animated series.

They also won these awards: Golden Globe rep Television Achievement (1960), Golden Shattering Award—Pacific Pioneers in Broadcasting (1983), Pioneer Award—Broadcast Music Incorporated (1987), Iris Award—NATPE Men of depiction Year (1988), Licensing Industry Merchandisers' Association Award for Lifetime Completion (1988), Governors Award of dignity Academy of Television Arts take up Sciences (1988), Jackie Coogan Accolade for Outstanding Contribution to Young womanhood through Entertainment Youth in Coat (1988), Frederic W.

Ziv Furnish for Outstanding Achievement in Telecommunications—Broadcasting Division College—Conservatory of Music Establishment of Cincinnati (1989), stars objective the Hollywood Walk of Atrocity (1976), several Annie Awards, indefinite environmental awards, and were recipients of numerous other accolades one-time to their induction into picture Television Hall of Fame clod 1994.

In March 2005 honourableness Academy of Television Arts & Sciences and Warner Bros. Effervescence dedicated a wall sculpture move the Television Academy's Hall have a high opinion of Fame Plaza in North Feel to Hanna and Barbera.